Annotated Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography   Research the literature to determine the conceptual boundaries of your topic. For this  bibliography, include 4-6 references. Each reference is to be cited using an acceptable bibliographic style such as APA, Chicago or MLA. Beneath each reference, include a succinct summary of how and why each reference informs or contributes to your topic.  Also, situate each reference within the conceptual field by discussing what the reference is about including the historical, political, cultural and/or economic perspectives it establishes about digital media and/or social justice. (Blog credit)

Wielicki, Tom, and Lukasz Arendt. "A knowledge-driven shift in perception of ICT implementation barriers: Comparative study of US and European SMEs." Journal of Information Science 36.2 (2010): 162-174. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 23 Oct. 2011.
<http://0-journals.ohiolink.edu.library.jcu.edu/ejc/pdf.cgi/Wielicki_Tom.pdf?issn=01655515&issue=v36i0002&article=162_aksiposouaes>

This reference contributes to my story very greatly. This article is about a wide range of topics that relate to my story, such as: ICT literacy skills, digital divide, pros and cons of expanding the digital world in Europe. I especially like this article because it makes a comparison between European countries, including Poland and the United States. Not only does it explain the differences, it also helps me draw conclusions from the statistics and other various factors that contribute to minimizing the digital divide. This article is mainly about medium sized enterprises however in the long run, the problems that they face and changes they incur so will the individuals.

Poland Riga Digital Literacy. Country Profiles Wikispaces, 2007. Web. 28 Sept. 2011. <http://countryprofiles.wikispaces.com/Poland+Riga+Digital+Literacy>.

This is a great reference because it uses statistics from various sources to illustrate and explain the literacy level and the competence of various age groups in Poland and shows how they changed over years. This website also contains statistics on how many people have computers, internet access and if/how they utilize it. This is a great source because I can break down the figures and explain why they are and compare them to the ones of United States’.

"Poland Internet Usage Stats and Telecommunications Reports." Internet World Stats - Usage and Population Statistics. 1 July 2010. Web. 28 Sept. 2011. <http://www.internetworldstats.com/eu/pl.htm>.

This website has statistics about the population of Poland and their internet usage. Some of the other important information that will tie into my project nicely is the information about the ISP fierce competition. Also mentioned is the country’s very low Gross Domestic Product and how it effect the deployment and adaptation of the technology to customers and/versus companies. I plan on using this information and statistics to expand my explanation on Poland's digital evolution.

Ponder, Jaroslaw K., and Ekaterina N. Markova. Bridging the Eastern European Digital Divide: Significance of Mobile Telecommunications in Poland and Russia. Tech. University of Wuppertal, 2005. European Institute for International Economic Relations, 2005. Web. 28 Sept. 2011. <http://tinyurl.com/4xlzw5n>.

This source contains information about utilization of mobile telecommunication and the narrowing of digital divide. Because Poland is much more advanced in mobile market than computers this paper explains how it is cheaper to own and use a cellphone’s 3G data to access the web and because of that a lot of people rely on cellphones as their main data connection. In terms of the project I will explain that the mobile market in Poland is much more advanced and cheaper than here in the US and how and why because of that people choose to mainly rely on their cellphones to stay connected versus ordinary computers.

Poznanski, Przemyslaw. "There Will Be More Internet in Poland." Gazeta Wyborcza. 30 Sept. 2011. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=auto&tl=en&twu=1&u=http://wyborcza.pl/1,75248,10381218,Bedzie_wiecej_internetu_w_Polsce__Nawet_w_Polsce_B.html&usg=ALkJrhhHLK90-GFcOA7Wgcwn60dHtmMcKg>.

My dad sent me the link to this article when he was reading the newspaper and knew I was looking for information like so for my digital story. This article is different from any sources that I have because it is written by a Polish journalist for the national newspaper. It gives another view on the factors that contribute to digital divide and statistics and polls that were done with in the country and not by a foreign annalist or research group. I have used google to translate this article so my instructor could read it and verify its content. A big part from this article that I take away, besides the age and statistics is the whole budget issue. I find it amazing that European Union gave Poland 255 million euros to complete the expansion of broadband but it came very short, it is about a fifth of what will be needed to finish the project.

Marciniak, Mirosława. "Absorption of Structural Funds in Poland within the Context of Information Society Development on Rural Areas." Economic Science for Rural Development Conference Proceedings 18 (2009): 210-216. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 23 Oct. 2011.

This is my back up source that I don’t really need because the information it provides has been already covered and cited with previous source(s) but I decided to include it to build up my ethos and credibility.

This article talks about trying to minimize the digital divide between the urban and the rural areas of the country and people’s reluctance to. It also brings up excellent point about the money issue. What I found interesting was the fact that most low budget projects get approval and get done while the big projects which involve millions of dollars are denied and I wonder if it is so because of people's reluctance.